The Batista government was later overthrown in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement during the Cuban Revolution. In 1940, Cuba implemented a new constitution, but mounting political unrest culminated in a coup in 1952 and the subsequent dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. From the 15th century, it was a colony of Spain, and slavery was abolished in 1886, remaining a Spanish colony until the Spanish–American War of 1898, when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained independence in 1902. The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, with the Guanahatabey and Taíno peoples inhabiting the area at the time of Spanish colonization in the 15th century. Cuba is the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti, with over 11 million inhabitants. The official area of the Republic of Cuba is 109,884 km 2 (42,426 sq mi) (without the territorial waters) but a total of 350,730 km 2 (135,420 sq mi) including the exclusive economic zone. Havana is the largest city and capital other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey.

Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both the American state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola ( Haiti/ Dominican Republic), and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba ( / ˈ k juː b ə/ ⓘ KEW-bə, Spanish: ⓘ Lucumi: Erekusú), officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: República de Cuba ⓘ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island belong to the country.

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